OPTI 527
08/06
OPTI 527. Holography and Diffractive Optics (3). (Identical
with ECE 527). This course describes the nature of
holographic and lithographically formed diffraction gratings and the
tools necessary for their design and analysis. Course topics
include a description of the interference and Fourier relations that
determine the amplitude of diffracted fields, analysis of volume
gratings, properties of holographic recording materials, computer
generating holograms, binary gratings, analysis of applications of
holography including data storage, fiber Bragg gratings, polarization
control elements, and associative memories. P, OPTI 502, 505, or
ECE 459/559.
Instructor:
Raymond K. Kostuk
Office: ECE 524E;
Phone: 621-6172 /Email:
kostuk@ece.arizona.edu
Lab: ECE Rm 221
Office Hours:
Tuesday/Thursdays: 11:00-12:00
Lecture Content:
1. Basic concepts
a. Differences between holographic and lens imaging
b. Historical background –X-ray diffraction, electron
diffraction,
ultrasound
scattering, Lippmann photography
c. Overview of applications of holography
2. Introduction - terminology
a. Absorption and phase modulation
b. Thin and Thick gratings – Bragg condition
c. Transmission and Reflection gratings – show diagram of
different
possible holographic configurations using two point sources
d. Image properties – image fidelity
e. Diffraction efficiency
f. Interferometric and Computer Generated holograms
g. Recording geometries
h. Materials used for holography and material characteristics
3. Basic Holographic Recording Process
a. Construction, exposure, and reconstruction- real and
virtual image
b. Relation between basic holographic processes and the
response of
photographic film
c. Enhanced scattering from a periodic structure – grating
equation,
grating period
d. Example – interference of two plane waves using propagation vectors
e. Grating vector – calculation from propagation vectors
–examples
4. Analysis of Holographic Recordings – spatial frequency anlysis
a. In-Line, Gabor type hologram – analytical equations
b. Analysis of zone plate –basic concepts of focus, phase
matching at
different locations on the aperture.
c. Off-axis hologram
5. Fourier Analysis of gratings
a. Review of Rayleigh Sommerfeld far-field diffraction
formulas
b. Diffraction patterns from rectangular and circular
apertures
c. Fourier analysis of periodic absorption and phase grating
apertures
d. Fourier analysis of off-axis gratings
e. Different types of holograms characterized by Fourier
properties.
6. Image analysis of holograms
a. Exact ray tracing
b. Aberrations of holographic lenses –basic aberration
characteristics
c. Monochromatic aberrations.
d. Spectral dispersion of gratings
e. Modeling HOEs
7. Hologram Recording Requirements
a. Coherence – temporal and spatial
b. Temporal coherence of sources with finite Δν and Δt
c. Visibility, mutual degree of coherence
d. Coherence, polarization rotation effects on visibility
e. Coherence of multimode
lasers
f. Spatial filters
g. Ideal recording material properties
8. Coupled wave analysis
a. Kogelnik’s analysis
b. Basic description of diffraction efficiency modeling
c. Transmission holograms
d. Reflection holograms
e. DE of TE and TM polarization
f. Basic description of other types of approx models – Raman
Nath
g. Moharam’s criteria for thin and thick holograms
h. Introduction to rigorous coupled wave analysis
i. Sequential and simultaneous hologram multiplexing
j. Effects of absorption during construction
9. Holographic materials –recent developments
a. Silver halide films
b. Dichromated gelatin
c. Holographic photopolymers
d. Photoresists
e. Photorefractive crystals
f. Liquid crystals
10. Computer generated holograms
a. Detour phase
b. Example problem
11. Binary gratings
a. Fabrication requirements
b. Imaging characteristics
c. Diffraction efficiency
d. Damman gratings
12. Digital Holography
a. Recording and reconstructing holograms on digital cameras
b. Holographic microscope
c. Optical sectioning
13. Optical Data Storage
a. System metrics: M#, material sensitivity
b. Fourier transform configurations
c. Multiplexing schemes
d. Photorefractive and disk systems
e. Phase masks
f. Associative Memory Systems
14. Other Applications
a. Fiber Bragg gratings
b. Displays
c. Spectral/spatial filtering
d. Security identification
e. Micro optic beam splitters and beam distribution systems
f. Optical code division multiple access
15. Introduction to photonic bandgap materials and devices
a. Effective medium theory
b. Resonance mode grating filters
c. Photonic Bandgap materials
d. Device structures
Labs: These are primarily for demonstration purposes.
1. Transmission hologram
formation and characterization.
2. Transmission type
holographic lens.
3. Fourier Transform hologram
4. Reflection type display
hologram
5. Multiplexed hologram
Class Paper:
Students will be required to review a current research paper from a
journal, write a short paper, and give a ten minute presentation in
class on the content of this paper.
Grading:
HWKs (~6): 20%
Mid Term Exam: 25%
Class Paper: 15%
Final Exam: 40%
Recommended Text Books:
Note: No textbook is required. I will be taking material from the
following books. The book by Goodman is highly recommended.
1. J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, 2nd ed. McGraw Hill,
1996.
2. H. Coufal, D. Psaltis, and G. Sincerbox, Holographic Data Storage,
Springer, 2000.
3. S. Sinzinger and Jurgen Jahns, Microoptics, Wiley-VCH, 1999.
http://www.ece.arizona.edu/~ece527/
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