CD-ROM COURSE
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Dr. James M. Palmer passed away on Thursday, January 4, 2007 after a courageous battle with cancer. His book, The Art of Radiometry, by James M. Palmer and Barbara G. Grant, is available from SPIE Press: http://spie.org/x648.html?product_id=798237 ISBN: 9780819472458. Vol: PM 184. 393 pages. Hardcover.
Contact Information: Ms. Cindy Gardner, Administrative Associate. Telephone: 520-621-3035. E-mail: cindy@optics.arizona.edu
Dr. Palmer's Faculty Web site: http://www.optics.arizona.edu/faculty/Resumes/Palmer.htm |
available from
A number of short courses on radiometric topics have been developed primarily for SPIE- The International Optical Engineering Society, the Optical Society of America, and Optical Science and Engineering Short Courses, Inc. They include:
Customized short courses, largely based upon those listed above, have been prepared and presented in several formats to the following organizations:
A 5-hour video course entitled "Fundamentals of Radiometry: Calculations, Measurements and Calibration" was prepared for SPIE and aired on the NTU satellite television network. It is available for purchase directly from SPIE.
CD-ROM COURSE The video course entitled "Fundamentals of Radiometry: Calculations, Measurements and Calibration" is currently being reformatted for CD-ROM presentation. It will include both the audio and video portions of the taped course, and will also include quizzes (with answers) and a glossary. It will be available for purchase directly from SPIE.
| SPIE Annual Meeting in San Diego, CA Thursday August 4, 2005 8:30 am to 5:30 pm |
SC572 - Radiometric Calibration of Remote Sensors (Palmer) , $390 / $470 |
Course length: Two versions: One and one-half or two days
Intended audience: The course will be helpful to engineers and technicians who are required design radiometric systems and make radiometric measurements and calibrations.
Course description: A complete short course in radiometry, concentrating on practical considerations, with only as much theory as needed.
Blackbody radiation, emittance, Kirchhoffs law
Blackbody radiation simulators
Artificial sources- thermal and discharge
Natural sources and atmospheric transmission
Source selection criteria
Detectors of optical radiation
Thermal detectors and quantum detectors
Detector characteristics and interfaces
Imaging detectors
Detector accessories
Standards (sources,detectors)
The measurement equation
Radiation geometry
Projected area, solid angle, throughput
Concepts of radiance, lambertian sources and surfaces
Cosine third, cosine fourth laws
The integrating sphere
Radiometric calibration and normalization
Effects of polarization, coherence and gaussian beams
Radiation pyrometry
Radiometric instrument design
The spectroradiometry
Measurements of laser power and energy
Measurements of detector characteristics
Measurements of properties of materials (t, r, e)
Course length: Half day
Intended audience: The course will be helpful to engineers and technicians who are required to design and test radiometric systems and make radiometric measurements and calibrations.
Course description: The core of radiometry is the geometrical transfer of radiant energy from point A (the source) to point B (the receiver). It is necessarily mathematical in nature, but the task can be simplified through the use of reasonable approximations. This course deals with the methods of determining the propagation of optical radiant energy through simple and complex optical systems.
Course contents:
Ray and beam optics
Solid angle, projected solid angle
Radiance, power associated with a ray
The development of throughput
The invariance of radiance and throughput
Radiometric units derived from radiance (exitance, irradiance, intensity)
Isotropic and lambertian radiation
Configuration factors
Examples, tips, tricks and traps
Course length: Half-day
Intended audience: The course will be useful to those engineers and technicians who are required to purchase or design and build radiant energy sources for radiometric systems and calibration.
Course description: Radiant energy is generated by all matter at temperatures above 0K. This radiation can be considered a signal (desirable) or a noise (unwanted). A solid understanding of the characteristics of thermal radiation is essential to the design of infrared and radiometric instruments and systems. This course covers all of the essentials of thermal radiation sources, both artificial and natural, and includes luminescent sources for the visible and infrared as well.
Course contents:
Blackbody Radiation
Variations on a Theme by Planck
Emittance and Kirchhoffs' Law
Blackbody Radiation Simulators
Radiation from Metals and Dielectrics
Practical Sources of Thermal Radiation
Natural Thermal Sources
Luminescent Sources
Mixed Sources
Course length: Full day (half-day available for T&P)
Intended audience: The course will be helpful to those engineers and technicians who are required to purchase or design and build radiometric systems and use them for radiometric measurements.
Course description: Radiometric instruments generate an output signal in response to optical radiant exchange with their surroundings. Calibration is the process of quantifying this signal in terms of radiometric units (e.g., watts). This course not only answers the question "Why calibrate?" but details current calibration methods and standards. The latest methods of bandwidth and field-of-view normalization are included along with a discussion of calibration error sources. Examples of real situations will be given.
Course contents:
Responsivity calibration methods
Spectroradiometric calibration
Bandwidth normalization
FOV calibration and normalization
Standard radiation sources
Standard detectors
Errors in radiometric calibration
Course length: Half-day
Intended audience: The course will be helpful to those engineers and technicians who are required to purchase or design and build radiometric systems and use them for radiometric measurements.
Course description: A tutorial covering radiometric instrumentation and its applications. Radiometric measurements are among the most difficult to make, principally because of the number of variables involved and the wide range of measurement parameters. This course describes the numerous configurations of radiometric instruments and helps make the "Make or Buy?" decision. The measurement of several radiometric properties of interest are also described.
Course contents:
Measurement of active and passive radiation sources
Defining the instrument requirements
Radiometric configurations
Spectroradiometry: Dispersive vs. filter radiometry
Photometers and other specialized responses
Radiometric temperature measurements
Measurement of material properties
Transmittance
Reflectance
Emittance
Tips, tricks and traps
Course length: Half-day
Intended audience: The course will be helpful to those engineers and technicians who are required to design and build systems that include optical radiation detectors.
Course description: This tutorial covering the optical, thermal, mechanical and electronic interfaces from the detector to the radiometric system. The selection of a detector for inclusion in a radiometric system involves more than just picking one out of a catalog. To ensure a successful design, the engineer must consider the optical, thermal, mechanical and electronic interfaces between the detector and its immediate environment.
Course contents:
The purpose of interfacing
Optical interfaces - optimization of the S/N ratio
Mounting and positioning the detector
Controlling the detector temperature
Detector electrical characteristics
Selecting the right preamplifier
Signal processing to reduce noise
Putting it all together
Course length: Half-day
Intended audience: Engineers and technicians needing a brief introduction to properties and selection of optical radiation detectors.
Course description: This course describes the various types of quantum and pyroelectric optical radiation detectors, their properties (including noise), their uses and their electrical interfaces.
Course contents:
Introduction to detectors and terminology
Noise in detectors
Detection mechanisms and theories
Detector characteristics
Photoemissive
Photoconductive
Photovoltaic
Pyroelectric
Imaging detectors
Detector interfaces
Standard Detectors
Course length: Half-day
Course description: A dual-topic course. The first half covers all aspects of the interface between an optical radiation detector and an optical system. The secong half treats the most important aspect of a radiometric calibration, the standard against which the measurement is compared.
Course contents:
Interfaces
Optical
Thermal
Mechanical
Electronic
Detectors
Op-amps
Preamps
Radiometric Calibration Standards
Source standards
Thermal detector standards
Quantum detector standards
Use of quantum detector standards
Course length: Half-day
Course description: A dual-topic course. The first half is a brief tour through the range of incoherent sources, including artificial and natural. The second half treats the chopping, scanning and modulation of a light beam.
Course contents:
Incoherent sources:
Blackbody radiation (watts and photons)
Transmittance, reflectance, absorptance and emittance
Kirchhoffs' law, blackbody radiation simulators
Radiation from metals and dielectrics; emittance
Natural radiation sources
Luminescent emission, arc sources
Fluorescent and electroluminescent sources
Solid-state sources - emitting diodes
Lamp radiometric and photometric standards
Radiation source selection criteria
Beam manipulation:
Scanning a beam, scanning an ifov
Reflective vs. refractive scanning
Scan patterns and geometries: digital vs. analog
Mechanical, acousto-optic, electro-optic & holographic scanners
Comparison of scanners
Modulating a beam
Mechanical, acousto-optical, electro-optical modulators
Comparison of modulators
COURSE LENGTH: This course is available in three formats. The first is a five-hour video available from SPIE. The second is an adaptation using slightly expanded notes to fill the need for a full day on-site course. Call for details. The third is a CD-ROM adaptation, also available from SPIE.
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course will present the fundamental concepts of radiometry, the measurement of optical radiant energy, including current nomenclature and terminology. The basics of transfer of radiant energy from extended and point sources are covered in detail, with numerous examples of radiometric calculations. The various methods and configurations for conducting radiometric measurements and calibrations are explored. Current radiometric standards and their usage are described. There are many pitfalls that are encountered during the conduct of measurement and calibration activities; these will be outlined along with their cure and avoidance.
BENEFITS: After completion of this course, you will be able to:
INTENDED AUDIENCE :This course is directed towards engineers and technicians who are responsible for radiometric calculations, measurements and calibration.
COURSE OUTLINE AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Session 1. - Introduction
Understand radiometric terminology
Understand areas and solid angles
Comprehend radiance and throughput
Session 2. - Radiative Transfer
Integrate radiometric quantities from radiance
Apply radiative transfer laws configuration factors
Use the basic equations of transfer
Understand conceptual examples
Understand practical examples
Session 3. - Measurement of Optical Radiation
Apply the measurement equation
Predict and calculate errors in radiometric measurements
Understand and select measurement and calibration configurations
Consider temporal factors - determine appropriate use of choppers
Compare extended vs. point source measurements
Session 4. - Radiometric Calibration
Understand a comprehensive calibration philosophy and traceability
Select among source standards and receiver standards
Calibrate a radiometer
List the state-of-the-art: present and future
Session 5. - Special Problems and Solutions
Appreciate effects of gaussian beams and coherence
Anticipate polarization effects
Predict diffraction effects
Appreciate aberration effects and atmospherics
Comprehensive handouts are provided with each course.
Dr. James M. Palmer
Phone: (520) 621-1010
FAX: (520) 621-3389
e-mail: jpalmer@azstarnet.com
Return to James M. Palmer home page.
This WWW page was updated 5/2/03 by Arlo.