OPTI 503
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Optical Design and Instrumentation II (3 units). Aberrations of optical systems: wavefans and rayfans, spot diagrams, wavefront expansion, effects of aberrations on image quality, aberration balancing, image quality measures; Color: colorimetry, chromaticity, color gamut, additive and subtractive colors; Polarization Optics; Digital Imaging Systems: resolution and aliasing, color filter arrays, aliasing suppression, image displays and projectors; Diffractive Optical Elements: theory, diffraction efficiency, modeling, applications including achromatization. Prerequisite: OPTI 502. Recommended: OPTI 512R

Meeting Times
Lectures: T/Th 8:00-9:15

Topics:

Aberrations
1. Coordinate systems; wave aberrations; tangential and sagittal rays; transverse and longitudinal ray aberrations.
2. Demonstration of system analysis with design software; ray fans; wave fans; spot diagrams; RMS spot size.
3. Defocus; wavefront tilt.
4. Aberration description of chromatic aberration and the achromatic doublet; lateral chromatic aberration; monochromatic aberrations; wavefront expansion.
5. Distortion; spherical aberration.
6. Spherical aberration balance with defocus; variation with bending; high-order spherical aberration; spherochromatism; field curvature.
7. Astigmatism; Petzval surface.
8. Coma; stop-shift effects.
9. Combined aberrations; ray fan analysis; aberration balancing; aspheric systems, conics; two mirror systems.
10. Seidel aberration coefficients; image quality metrics; Rayleigh criterion; wavefront variance.
11. Review of linear systems and Fourier transforms.
12. Airy disk; calculation of PSFs with wavefront errors; influence of aberrations on PSFs; Strehl ratio.
13. Modulation transfer functions; test targets; influence of aberrations on MTFs; contrast reversal.
14. Other measures of image quality; encircled and ensquared energy; image simulation; isoplanatic patches; geometric calibration; instantaneous field of view; Johnson criterion.
15. System specifications; system design process.
16. Optimization; merit function; optimization examples and demonstration.
17. Tolerances; tolerancing.
18. Non-sequential raytracing; stray light; ghost images; veiling glare.
 
Color
19. Visual color perception; basic color concepts (spectrally pure; hue; saturation).
20. Colorimetry; sources and color temperature; trichromatic theory of color; color matching functions; CIE RGB and XYZ chromaticity values; x-y chromaticity diagram.
21. Dominant and complementary wavelengths; color addition; additive color; color gamut; sRGB color system for digital images.
22. Subtractive color; other color systems; gamma correction; calibration.
 
Polarization Optics
23. Linear polarizers, retarders, polarization beam splitters; circular polarizers; Jones calculus.
 
Digital Imaging Systems
24. Sampled imaging systems; resolution; aliasing.
25. Optical low-pass filters; sharpness-aliasing tradeoff; display MTF; interpolation.
26. Two-dimensional sampling and Nyquist domains; color filter arrays; reciprocal sampling grids; video vs still imagery; color interpolation.
27. Birefringent blur filters; lens design issues; digital displays; LCD; DLP; LCOS; digital cinema; three dimensional projection.
 
Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs)
28. Applications; physical theory; Fresnel zones; zone plates; dispersion.
29. Patterning; modeling; Sweatt model; chromatic correction.

Grading and Exams:
The final grades will be based on the course distribution of all the graded work and weighted as follows:
Homework 20%
Midterm - In Class 35%
Final Exam 45%

This serves to give the students the fundamental expectation of what their grade will be based on, but it also provides the necessary digression to the instructor to adjust grade lines as needed based on the course distribution which is not known until after final exams.