OPTI 507
8/06
OPTI 507. Solid-State
Optics (3) II. Basic concepts in crystals and in optical response;
optical properties of metals, insulators and semiconductors; quantum wells;
glass and polymers; optical nonlinearities; solid-state devices and laser diodes. P, PHYS 435 or OPTI 511.
Knowledge of basic quantum mechanics is highly recommended.
Course
Outline:
Description:
This is
an introductory-level course in the field of solid-state optoelectronics.
It includes an introduction to the microscopic properties of solids such
as bulk metals, insulators, semiconductors, polymers, glass and
semiconductor heterostructures, as
well as their linear and nonlinear optical response. It also contains a
discussion of basic operation of principles of opto-electronic devices such
as lasers, light modulators and detectors.
A necessary prerequisite
is a good understanding of basic electromagnetic theory (including
Maxwell’s equations and the mathematics of Fourier transformations) and
quantum mechanics (including the physics of the hydrogen atom and
perturbation theory).
Some of the topics of
this course will be covered in detail (for example, the linear optical
response of solids, simple optical properties of phonons and the physics
of quantum wells), whereas other topics will only be covered in the form
of general overviews (for example electro-optical properties of
semiconductors and nonlinear optical effects).
No advanced mathematical
techniques, such as second quantization, will be used.
There are two major goals
of this course. First, the course should present basic facts about optical
properties of solids based on their microscopic structure. Second, the
student should be enabled to understand various optical and opto-electronic
phenomena used in devices on the basis of the few microscopic aspects
presented in this course.
Homework:
Exams:
Grades:
Professor:
Dr.
Nasser Peyghambarian, Meinel Building, Room 535, 621-4649,
nnp@u.arizona.edu
Office Hours:
Tuesdays and Thursdays, 12:30-1:30 p.m.
TA
Lirong Wang, Meinel Building, Cubicle 615P,
lwang@optics.arizona.edu
Office Hours
TBA
Website
www.optics.arizona.edu/opti507
Course Outline:
-
Basic concepts of crystals (direct
lattice, reciprocal lattice, Brillouin zone, electronic wave
functions in single atoms and in solids, Bloch wave functions,
energy bands, effective mass, Fermi and Bose distribution functions,
classification of solids, electrons and holes,
density-of-states).
-
Basic concepts of optical response (Dielectric optical response,
refractive index and absorption, dispersion relations, Kramers-Kronig relations,
optical properties of metals, plasmons, surface plasmons.
-
Optical properties of phonons (optical and acoustic phonons, dispersion relations, diatomic lattice, 3-dimensional crystals,
effective charges, Bose functions, optical excitation of phonons,
infrared absorption, phonon polaritons, light scattering, Raman and
Brillouin scattering, coherent Raman spectroscopy).
-
Linear optical properties of semiconductors (direct and indirect gap
semiconductors, energy and momentum conservation in band-to-band
transitions, optical absorption and quantum mechanical time-dependent
perturbation theory, dipole allowed transitions in the parabolic band
approximation, indirect optical transitions, excitons, two-particle
Schrödinger equation, selection rules, excitonic
absorption in semiconductors, emission in semiconductors, examples of
important semiconductors.
-
Quasi-two-dimensional semiconductors (quantum confinement, quantum wells, subbands, superlattices,
optical transitions and selection rules in 2D, excitons in quantum
wells).
-
Overview of electro-optical properties of semiconductors
and quantum wells (Franz-Keldysh
effect, DC Stark effect, exciton ionization, quantum-confined dc-Stark
effect).
-
Electrical transport (doping, transport equations, p-n heterojunctions).
-
Concepts of semiconductor lasers and detectors (lasing conditions,
biased p-n junctions, edge-emitting lasers, VCSELs, DFBs).
-
Overview of organics and polymer optics (basic
concepts in chemistry, molecules, polymers, bonds, σ and π orbitals,
light absorption and emission in organics, transport in polymers,
organic light-emitting diodes).
-
Overview of glass optics (glass formation, doping of glass, glass
waveguides and fibers, fiber amplifiers and lasers).
-
Opto-electronic devices (modulators, switches, detectors, avalanche
photodiodes, photovotaic cells).
Textbook (Required):
·
N. Peyghambarian, S.W. Koch, and A. Mysyrowicz:
Introduction to Semiconductor Optics (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey,
1993).
Available at the
Harvill Copy Center:
Harvill Bldg., Rm. 137 (downstairs).
Most of the material
presented in this course will be taken from this text. However, not all
chapters of the book will be covered in this course. Some topics are
not covered in the text and lecture notes will be provided for those.
Other textbooks for reference:
- C. Klingshirn, Semiconductor Optics
(Springer, Berlin, 1995)
- P. Yu and M. Cardona,
Fundamentals of Semiconductors: Physics and Material Properties,
(Springer, Berlin, 1999)
- J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics
(Wiley, New York, 1975)
- B.E.A. Saleh and M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of
Photonics (Wiley, New York, 1991).
Not required.
Comprehensive introductory textbook –
- C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics
(Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996).
- N.W. Ashcroft and N.D. Mermin, Solid State
Physics (Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1976)
- J.M. Ziman, Principles of the Theory of Solids
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1972).
- S.L. Chuang, Physics of Optoelectronic Devices
(Wiley, New York, 1995).
- P. Bhattacharya, Semiconductor Optoelectronic
Devices (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1994)
- H.M. Gibbs, Optical Bistability: Controlling
Light with Light (Academic Press, New York, 1985).
- H. Haug and S.W. Koch, Quantum Theory of the
Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconductors, 2nd or 3rd ed.
(World Scientific, Singapore, 1993).
Contains many more rigorous derivations of the introductory required text
book by Peyghambarian et al.
- A. Yariv, Optical Electronics (Saunders
College Publishing, Philadelphia, 1991)
- M. Razeghi, Fundamentals of Solid State
Engineering (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002)
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