OPTI 5097/06 OPTI 509. Optical Design and Instrumentation II (3) II. Discussion of optical systems via system analysis by ray trace codes, ray fans, and spot diagrams. The effects of optical aberrations, both chromatic and monochromatic, and methods for balancing the effects of the various aberrations are described including the use of aspheric systems. Radiometric concepts such as projected area and solid angle, the generation and propagation of blackbody and other radiation, the absorption, reflection, transmission and scattering of this radiation, and radiometric laws such as inverse square and cosine laws. Application of these concepts to the radiation from laboratory sources and natural surfaces, measurement of this radiation using imaging and non-imaging systems, and detector concepts such as figures of merit, noise, and calibration. P, Opti 502. Course Outline (75-minute lectures):Aberrations and Image Quality 1. Coordinate systems; wave aberrations; tangential and sagittal rays; transverse and longitudinal ray aberrations; ray fans; spot diagrams; RMS spot size. 2. Defocus.3. Tilt; distortion. 4. Longitudinal chromatic aberrations of a thin lens; thin lens achromatic doublet; secondary chromatic aberration; lateral chromatic aberration. 5. Monochromatic aberrations; causes of aberrations. 6. Spherical aberration; balance with defocus. 7. Variation with bending; high-order spherical aberration; spherochromatism. 8. Astigmatism. 9. Field Curvature. 10. Coma; stop-shift effects. 11. Combined aberrations; aberration balancing. 12. Aspheric systems, conics; two mirror system; Seidel aberration coefficients. 13. Wavefront expansion; wave fans; wavefront variance; Strehl ratio; calculations of PSFs and MTFs from raytrace data; influence of aberrations on MTFs. 14. Demonstration of optical design software and optimization. Propagation of Radiation 15. Radiometric and photometric terminology; areas and solid angles. 16. Projected areas of solid angles; radiance concepts; throughput; invariance of throughput and radiance, Lagrange invariant. 17. E; I; M; Lambert's law; isotropic vs. Lambertian; M vs. L. 18. Radiative transfer differential and integral form; inverse square and cosn laws. 19. Simplifications, assumptions, view and form factors. 20. Example radiometric calculations, integrating sphere. 21. Transfer in instruments: projectors, searchlight, solar concentrators. 22. Radiometric instruments, spectral instruments, radiometer optics. Detectors 23. Basic detection mechanisms; figures of meit. 24. Noise. 25. Basic electronics; photodiodes and op-amps. 26. Imaging detectors - general characteristics. 27. TV display; interlace; solid-state detector array types; frame transfer; interline transfer 28. Photographic film; additive and subtractive color. 29. Vision. Grading Criteria:
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