Publications/Creative Activity

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Chapters in scholarly books and monographs

J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "Photorefractive polymers for dynamic holography," (compilation of prior research) to be published.
R. A. Norwood, "Four-wave mixing tables and measurement techniques," for Handbook of Electrooptical and Optical Materials: Linear and Nonlinear Properties ed. by M. G. Kuzyk and C. W. Dirk (Marcel Dekker, 1998). (original research)
G. Khanarian, M. Mortazavi, and R. A. Norwood, "Frequency doubling and parametric interactions in organic thin films," in Organic Thin Films for Waveguiding Nonlinear Optics, ed. by J. Swalen (Gordon and Breach, 1996). (combination of original research and compilation of prior research)
R. A. Norwood, T. K. Findakly, H. A. Goldberg, G. Khanarian, J. B. Stamatoff, and H. N. Yoon, "Optical polymers and multifunctional materials," in Polymers for Lightwave and Integrated Optics: Technology and Applications ed. by L. A. Hornak (Marcel Dekker, 1992). (original research)
H. N. Yoon, R. A. Norwood, and H.-T. Man, "Nonlinear optics and materials," in Ullman's Encyclopedia, 5th edition, Volume A17, p. 541 (VCH Verlagagesesllschaft, Weinheim, 1991).

Refereed journal articles

C.T. DeRose, R. Himmelhuber, D. Mathine, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, "High delta n strip loaded electro-optic polymer waveguide modulator with low insertion loss," Optics Express 17, 3316 (2009).
S. Tay, A. Kropachev, I. E. Araci, T. Skotheim, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "Plasmonic thermal IR emitters based on nanoamorphous carbon," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 07113 (2009).
P.-A. Blanche, S. Tay, R. Voorakaranam, P. St.-Hilaire, C. Christenson, T. Gu, W. Lin, D. Flores, P. Wang, M. Yamamoto, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "An updatable holographic display for 3D visualization," J. Display Tech. 4, 424 (2008).
D.T. Nguyen, C. Sheng, J. Thomas, R. Norwood, B. Kimball, D. M.. Steeves, and N. Peyghambarian, "Observation of nonlinear transmission enhancement in cavities filled with nonlinear organic materials," Applied Optics 47, 5777 (2008).
C. Sheng, R. A. Norwood, J. Wang, J. Thomas, Y. Wu, Z. Zheng, N. Tabirian, D.M. Steeves, B. R. Kimball, and N. Peyghambarian, " Time resolved studies of photoinduced birefringence in azobenzene dye doped polymer films," Applied Optics 47, 5074 (2008).
P. Gangopadhyay, R. Voorakaranam, A. Lopez-Santiago, S. Foerier, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, A. Persoons, and N. Peyghambarian, "Faraday rotation measurements on thin films of regioregular alkyl-substituted polythiophene derivatives," J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 8032 (2008).
C.T. DeRose, D. Mathine, Y. Enami, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, "Electro-optic polymer modulator with single-mode to multimode waveguide transitions," IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 20, 1051 (2008).
H. Gan, C. Greenlee, C. Sheng, R. A. Norwood, M. Fallahi, S. Wang, W. Lin, M. Yamamoto, M. Kathaperumal, and N. Peyghambarian, "Near-resonance electrooptic activity enhancement and improved modulation performance for polymer based Fabry-Perot interferometers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 203302 (2008).
Y. Enami, D. Mathine, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, "Transversely tapered hybrid electro-optic polymer/sol-gel Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193508 (2008).
C. J. Novotny, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, and P. K..L. Yu, "Linear electrooptic coefficient of InP nanowires," Nanoletters 8, 1020 (2008).
S. Tay, P. A. Blanche, R. Voorakaranam, A. V. Tunc, W. Lin, S. Rokutanda, T. Gu, D. Flores, P. Wang, P. St. Hilaire, G. Li, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto and N. Peyghambarian, "An updateable 3D holographic display, " Nature 451, 694 (2008).
S. Tay, J. Thomas, B. Momeni, M. Askari, A. Adibi, P. J. Hotchkiss, S. R. Marder, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "Planar photonic crystals infiltrated with nanoparticle/polymer composites," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221109 (2007).
Y. Enami, D. Mathine, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, "Hybrid cross-linkable polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators with 0.65 half-wave voltage at 1550nm," Applied Physics Letters 91, 093505 (2007).
M. Eralp, J. Thomas, S. Tay, P. A. Blanche, A. Schülzgen, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto, and N. Peyghambarian, "Variation of Bragg condition in low glasstransition photorefractive polymers when recorded in reflection geometry," Optics Express 15, 11622 (2007).
R. A. Norwood, C. DeRose, Y. Enami, H. Gan, C. Greenlee, R. Himmelhuber, O. Kropachev, C. Loychik, D. Mathine, Y. Merzylak, M. Fallahi, and N. Peyghambarian, "Hybrid sol-gel electro-optic polymer modulators: Beating the drive voltage/loss tradeoff," J. Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 16, 217 (2007).
Y. Enami, C. T. DeRose, C. Loychik, C. Greenlee, D. Mathine, R. A. Norwood, T. D. Kim, J. Luo, Y. Tian, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, "Hybrid polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators with exceptionally large electro-optic coefficients," Nature Photonics 1, 180 (2007).
Y. Enami, C. T. DeRose, C. Loychik, D. Mathine, R. A. Norwood, J.Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, "Low half-wave voltage and high electro-optic effect in hybrid polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators," Applied Physics Letters 89, 143506 (2006).
M. Eralp, J. Thomas, S. Tay, G. Li, A. Schülzgen, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto, and N. Peyghambarian, "Submillisecond response of a photorefractive polymer under single nanosecond pulse exposure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 114105 (2006).
C. T. DeRose, Y. Enami, C. Loychik, R. A. Norwood, D. Mathine, M. Fallahi, N. Peyghambarian, J. D. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, M. Katheperumal, and M. Yamamoto, "Pockel’s coefficient enhancement of poled electro-optic polymers with a hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gel cladding layer," Applied Physics Letters 89, 131102 (2006).
H. Gan, H. Zhang, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, M. Fallahi, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, B. Liu, S. Ho, and N. Peyghambarian, "Hybrid Fabry-Perot etalon using an electro-optic polymer for optical modulation," Applied Physics Letters 89, 141113 (2006).
H. Gan, H. Zhang, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, M. Fallahi, J. Luo, B. Chen, and A. K.-Y. Jen, "Low drive voltage Fabry-Perot etalon device tunable filters using poled hybrid sol-gel materials," Applied Physics Letters 89, 041127 (2006).
M. Eralp, J. Thomas, G. Li, S. Tay, A. Schülzgen, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, and M. Yamamoto, "Photorefractive polymer device with videorate response time operating at low voltages," Optics Letters 31, 1408 (2006).
S. Tay, J. Thomas, M. Eralp, G. Li, J. Winiarcz, M. Yamamoto, S. Barlow, G. A. Walker, S. R. Marder, R. A. Norwood, A. Schülzgen and N. Peyghambarian, "High performance photorefractive polymer operating at 1550nm with near-videorate response time," Applied Physics Letters 87, 171105 (2005).
G. Li, M. Eralp, J. Thomas, S. Tay, A. Schülzgen, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "All-optical dynamic correction of distorted communication signals using a photorefractive polymeric hologram," Applied Physics Letters 86, 161103 (2005).
L. Eldada, R. Blomquist, M. Maxfield, D. Pant, G. Boudoughian, C. Poga and R. A. Norwood "Thermo-optic planar polymer Bragg grating OADM’s with broad tuning range," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 11, 448 (1999).
L. Eldada, S. Yin, C. Poga, C. Glass, R. Blomquist and R. A. Norwood "Integrated multichannel OADM’s using polymer Bragg grating MZI’s," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 10, 1416 (1998).
R. A. Norwood, S. Emo, J. Holman, L. Shacklette, N. Tabatabaie and H. Guckel "Fast, low insertion loss optical switch using lithographically defined electromagnetic microactuators and polymeric passive alignment structures," Applied Physics Letters 73, 3187 (1998).
H. Grebel, J. L. Graziani, S. Vijayalakshmi, L. W. Shacklette, K.M.T. Stengel, L. Eldada, R. A. Norwood, and J. T. Yardley, "Self-imaging chirped holographic optical waveguides," Appl. Opt. 36, 9391 (1997).
C. Xu, L. Eldada, C. Wu, L. W. Shacklette, R. A. Norwood and J. T. Yardley, "Photoimageable, low shrinkage organic-inorganic hybrid materials for practical multimode channel waveguides," Chemistry of Materials 8, 2701 (1996)
H. Yamamoto, S. Funato, T. Sugiyama, R. E. Johnson, R. A. Norwood, J. Jung, T. Kinoshita, and K. Sasaki, "Linear and nonlinear optical properties of a new organic crystal, N-(4-aminobenzene-sulfonyl)acetamide," Journal of the Optical Society of America B13, 837 (1996).
J. T. Yardley, L. Eldada, R. A. Norwood, K. M. T. Stengel, L. W. Shacklette, C. Wu, and C. Xu, "Toward the practical application of polymeric interconnection technology," Nonlinear Optics 15, 443 (1996).
H. Yamamoto, S. Funato, T. Sugiyama, R. E. Johnson, R. A. Norwood, T. Kinoshita, and K. Sasaki, "A four-layer optical waveguide frequency doubler using isopropyl-4-acetylphenylurea," Nonlinear Optics.
H. Yamamoto, S. Funato, T. Sugiyama, R. E. Johnson, R. A. Norwood, T. Kinoshita, and K. Sasaki, "Linear and nonlinear optical properties of a novel organic crystal N-(4-aminobenzenesulfonyl)acetamide (ABSA)," Polymer Preprints, 35, 291 (1994).
J. R. Sounik, R. A. Norwood, D. R. Holcomb, J. Popolo, and S. Ghitani, "Vertical all-optical directional coupler made from silicon phthalocyanine copolymer," Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53, 677 (1994).
R. A. Norwood, M. G. Kuzyk and R. A. Keosian, "Electro-optic tensor ratio determination for side-chain copolymers with electro-optic interferometry," Journal of Applied Physics 75, 1869 (1994).
R. A. Norwood, D. R. Holcomb and F. So, "Polymers for nonlinear optics: absorption, two-photon absorption and photodegradation," Nonlinear Optics 6, 193 (1993).
T. E. Mates, C. K. Ober, and R. A. Norwood, "Conductivity and third order nonlinear optical measurements of polymers with distyrylbenzene and diphenyl butadiene segments," Chemistry of Materials 5, 217 (1993).
R. A. Norwood, J. R. Sounik, J. Popolo, D. R. Holcomb, D. Swanson, R. Spitzer, and C. Hansen, "Nonlinear Bragg mirror based on silicon phthalocyanine copolymer," Optics Letters 8, 577 (1992).
R. A. Norwood and J. R. Sounik, "Third order nonlinear optical response in polymer thin films incorporating porphyrin derivatives," Applied Physics Letters 60, 295 (1992).
R. A. Norwood and G. Khanarian, "Quasi-phasematched frequency doubling over 5 mm in a periodically poled polymer waveguide," Electronic Letters 26, 2105 (1990).
J. Stamatoff, R. DeMartino, D. Haas, G. Khanarian, H. T. Man, R. A. Norwood and H. N. Yoon, "Critical requirements for non-linear optical polymeric materials in active optical devices: The present state and prospects for the future," Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 183, 151 (1990).
G. Khanarian, R. A. Norwood, D. Haas, B. Feuer, and D. Karim, "Phasematched second harmonic generation in a polymeric waveguide," Applied Physics Letters 57, 977 (1990).
J. W. Wu, J. R. Heflin, R. A. Norwood, K. Y. Wong, O. Zamani-Khamiri, A. F. Garito, P. Kalyanaraman, and J. R. Sounik, "Nonlinear optical processes in lower dimensional conjugated structures," Journal of the Optical Society of America B6, 707 (1989).
M. Kuzyk, R. A. Norwood, J. W. Wu, and A.F. Garito, "Frequency dependence of the optical Kerr effect and third-order electronic nonlinear optical processes of organic liquids," Journal of the Optical Society of America B6, 154 (1989).

US Patents

C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "Technique to enhance the electro-optic coefficient of polymers by using a sol-gel cladding layer to increase poling efficiency," 7,391,938
R. Gao, D. S. Bitting, R. M. Mininni, R. A. Norwood, K. Takayama, and A.F. Garito, "Polymer optical waveguides on polymer substrates," 6,917,749
B. Xu, L. Eldada, R. A. Norwood, and R. M. Blomquist, "Optical devices made from radiation curable fluorinated compositions," 6,800,424
R. M. Blomquist and R. A. Norwood, "Tunable, polymeric core fiber Bragg gratings," 6,768,839
R. A. Norwood, L. Eldada, S. Yin, C. Glass, and R. M. Blomquist, "Planar polymeric waveguide devices with temperature dependence control features," 6,684,019
K. Takayama, D. Bitting, and R. A. Norwood, "Planar optical waveguide with core barrier," 6,603,917
L. Eldada and R. A. Norwood, "Tunable optical add/drop multiplexer," 6,560.386
B. Xu, L. Eldada, R. A. Norwood, and R. Blomquist, "Optical devices made from radiation curable fluorinated compositions," 6,555,288
R. A. Norwood, A. F. Garito, and A. Panackal, "Codopant polymers for optical amplification," 6,538,805
R. A. Norwood and C. C. Teng, "Thin film optical waveguides," 6,473,551
L. Eldada and R. A. Norwood, "Tunable optical add/drop multiplexer," 6,438,293
L. Eldada and R. A. Norwood, "Tunable optical add/drop multiplexer," 6,389,199
R. A. Norwood, "Hybrid integrated optical add-drop multiplexer," 6,385,362
B. Xu, R. A. Norwood, L. Eldada, and R. Blomquist, "Optical devices made from radiation curable fluorinated compositions." 6,306,563
A. F. Garito, R. A. Norwood, R. Gao and A. Panackal, "Rare earth polymers, optical amplifiers and optical fibers." 6,292,292
R. R. Dammel and R. A. Norwood, "Light-absorbing, antireflective layers with improved performance due to refractive index optimization." 6,274,295
R. A. Norwood, B. Brown, J. Holman, and L. Shacklette, "Polymer gripping elements for optical fiber splicing." 6,266,472
R. A. Norwood, M. Rudasill and D. Sossen, "Cascading of tunable optical filter elements." 6,256,428
R. A. Norwood, J. Holman, S. Emo and L. Shacklette, "Micro-optic switch with lithographically fabricated polymer alignment features for the positioning of switch components and optical fibers." 6,169,827
R. Dammel and R. A. Norwood, "Bottom antireflection coatings through refractive index modification by anomalous dispersion." 6,042,992
G. Khanarian, R. Norwood, J. Sounik, J. Popolo, and S. Meyer, "Waveguide device and method for phase matched second harmonic generation." 5,224,196
G. Khanarian and R. A. Norwood, "Thickness variation insensitive frequency doubling polymeric waveguide." 5,131,068
G. Khanarian and R. A. Norwood, "Optical parametric amplifier." 5,064,265
G. Khanarian, D. Haas, P. Landi, and R. A. Norwood, "Polymeric waveguides with bidirectional poling for radiation phasematching." 5,061,028
G. Khanarian and R. A. Norwood, "Polymeric waveguide device for phase matched second harmonic generation." 4,971,416

Scholarly Presentations

R. A. Norwood, J. Thomas, and N. Peyghambarian, "Nanostructured interfaces," invited talk presented at PV 2008 Workshop on Photovoltaics 2008 (October 28-31, 2008, Rio Rico, AZ).
R. A. Norwood, "Photorefractive polymers for updateable holographic displays," invited talk at Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications symposium at the 2008 American Chemical Society Meeting (August 19-21, 2008, Philadelphia, PA).
R. A. Norwood, P. Gangopadhay, R. Voorakaranam, A. Lopez-Santiago, C. Greenlee, A. Persoons, and N. Peyghambarian, "Magneto-optic polymers and their device applications," invited talk at International Conference on Organic Nonlinear Optics (ICONO) X, A. F. Garito Symposium (May 22, 2008, Santa Fe, NM).
A. K.-Y. Jen, J. Luo, T. D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y. J. Cheng, S. H. Jang, H. Su, X. Zhou, B. Polishak, L. Dalton, B. Robinson, P. Sullivan, Y. Enami, N. Peyghambarian, R. Norwood, W. Steier, M. Hochberg, A. Scherer, S. Zheng, S. Marder, D. Jin, and R. Dinu, "Supramolecular photonics: Molecular self-assembly and controlled lattice hardening for electro-optic coefficients beyond 450pm/V," invited talk at International Conference on Organic Nonlinear Optics (ICONO) X (May 19-23, 2008, Santa Fe, NM).
N. Peyghambarian and R. A. Norwood, "Novel polymers for 3D updatable display and EO modulators," invited talk at International Conference on Organic Nonlinear Optics (ICONO) X (May 19-23, 2008, Santa Fe, NM).
R. A. Norwood, "Electro-optic polymer modulators for telecommunications applications," invited talk at Optical Fiber Communications Conference 2008 (February 24-28, 2008, San Diego, CA).
R. A. Norwood and N. Peyghambarian, "Novel nonlinear optical polymers and their applications in information technology," invited talk at SPIE Photonics West 2008 (January 20-25, 2008, San Jose, CA).
L. Wang, R. A. Norwood, A. Kropachev, and N. Peyghambarian, "Infiltration characterization of 2D and 3D photonic crystals using laser scatterometry," SPIE Annual Meeting 2007 (August 27-30, 2007, San Diego, CA), presentation 6653-11.
R. A. Norwood, "Hybrid electro-optic polymer devices: Beating the drive voltage/insertion loss tradeoff," invited talk at IEEE LEOS Organic Photonic Media, Devices and Applications (July 23-25, 2007, Portland, OR).
H. Gan, L. Li, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, C. R. De Silva, Z. Zhang, and N. Peyghambarian, "A hybrid sol-gel reverse-mesa waveguide using lanthanide phosphate nanoparticles for optical amplification," Photonics West 2007 (January 21-25, 2007, San Jose, CA), Paper 6469-10.
H. Gan, H. Zhang, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, M. Fallahi, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, B. Liu, S.-T. Ho, and N. Peyghambarian, "Optical modulation from an electrooptic polymer based hybrid Fabry-Pérot étalon using transparent conducting oxides," Photonics West 2007 (January 21-25, 2007, San Jose, CA), Paper 6470-14.
Y. Enami, C. T. DeRose, C. Loychik, D. L. Mathine, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, "Improvement of electro-optic effect and novel waveguide structure in hybrid polymer/sol-gel modulators," invited paper for Photonics West 2007 (January 21-25, 2007, San Jose, CA), Paper 470-15.
M. Fallahi, H. Gan, C. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, J. Luo, B. Chen, and A. Jen, "Tunable Fabry-Perot filters using electro-optic hybrid sol-gel," European Conference on Optical Communications ECOC 2006 (September 24-28, 2006, Cannes, France), Paper Tu3.4.5 (2006)
R. A. Norwood, "Electro-optic polymers: Getting the other stuff right," invited talk at Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications (September 12, 2007, San Francisco, CA).
M. Eralp, J. Thomas, S. Tay, G. Li, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "Photorefractive polymer in reflection geometry with large efficiency," Proc. SPIE 6331, 63310B-1 (2006).
R. A. Norwood, H. Sumimura, S. Tay, K. Yamnitsky, A. Kropachev, J. Thomas, N. Peyghambarian, J. H. Moon, S. Yang and T. Skotheim, "New organic infiltrants for 2-D and 3-D photonic crystals," Proc. SPIE 6331, 63110A-1 (2006).
J. Thomas, S. Tay, J. Winiarz, M. Eralp, G. Li, S. R. Marder, A. Schülzgen, R. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "Recent advances in two-photon photorefractive polymers," Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications October 16-20, 2005 (Tucson, AZ), paper SWC3.
C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, M. Fallahi, N. Peyghambarian, A. K.-Y. Jen, and J. Luo, "Organic/inorganic hybrid sol-gels as cladding materials for electro-optic polymer based devices," Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications October16-20, 2005 (Tucson, AZ), paper STuC3.
M. Eralp, J. Thomas, G. Li, J. Winiarz, S. Tay, A. Schülzgen, R. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "Photorefractive polymer device operating at practical operating voltages," invited talk at Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications October 16-20, 2005 (Tucson, AZ), paper SWC4.
G. Li, M. Eralp, J. Thomas, S. Tay, J. Winiarcz, S. R. Marder, A. Schülzgen, R. A. Norwood, and N. N. Peyghambarian, "Photorefractive adaptive optics for dynamic correction of atmospheric-like wavefront corrections," SPIE Annual Meeting, July 31 – August 4, 2005 (San Diego, CA) Paper 5911-20.
H. Gan, R. A. Norwood, L. Li, C. DeRose, J. Wu, J. Thomas, M. A. Fardad, A. Schülzgen, N. Peyghambarian, C. R. De Silva and Z. Zhang, "Lanthanide nanoparticle doped low-loss sol-gel amplifier materials," SPIE Annual Meeting, July 31 – August 4, 2005 (San Diego, CA) Paper 5935-12.
S. Tay, J. Thomas, M. Eralp, G. Li, J. Winiarcz, M. Yamamoto, S. Barlow, G. A. Walker, S. R. Marder, R. A. Norwood, A. Schülzgen and N. Peyghambarian, "High performance photorefractive polymers operating at 1.55 µm," SPIE Annual Meeting, July 31- August 4, 2005 (San Diego, CA) Paper 5939-15.
R. A. Norwood, Penn talk
N. Peyghambarian and R. A. Norwood, "Organic optoelectronics: Materials and devices for photonic applications, Part Two" Optics and Photonics News, April 2005, p. 28-33.
N. Peyghambarian and R. A. Norwood, "Organic optoelectronics: Materials and devices for photonic applications, Part One" Optics and Photonics News, February 2005, p. 31-35.
R. A. Norwood, Clemson talk
R. A. Norwood, "Optical polymers: Critical requirements for optical access applications," Proc. SPIE 5517, 124 (2004). (SPIE)
R. A. Norwood, "Polymer integrated optics: Toward monolithic integration," invited talk at Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications, October 5-9, 2003, Tucson, AZ.
R. A. Norwood, "Polymer integrated optics: Toward large-scale integration," invited talk at International Photonics Technology Conference, September 2-5, 2003, Seoul, South Korea.